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Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science. Show all posts

Human Excretion System

Tool excretion in human excretory system include: liver, lungs, skin, kidney, and colon. Each tool 's function is to secrete substances excretion of metabolic waste that different, except for the water which can be excreted through all means of excretion.

1. Liver

Liver or liver is the largest gland in the body, located in the abdominal cavity of the right side, right under the diaphragm. The liver has several functions, among others:
  1. Neutralizing toxins so it does not harm the body, then the toxins excreted through the urine.
  2. Changing the glucose into glycogen to regulate blood sugar levels.
  3. As a means of issuing excretion of bile and urine color. Each day, the liver produces bile reaches ½ liters.
  4. The synthesis of several substances. The liver produces arginase enzyme that converts arginine into ornifin and urea. Ornifin formed can increase NH3 and CO2 are toxic.
  5. The liver produces bile which is derived from the hemoglobin of red blood cells that have been old. bile stored in the gall bladder and a green liquid and taste bitter. Bile contains cholesterol, bile salts, mineral salts, and the pigment bilirubin and biliverdin. Bile serves to digest fat so easily absorbed by the body, helps power the absorption of fat in the intestine, activates the enzyme lipase, and changing the substance into a water insoluble substance which is soluble in water.
  6. Be remodel the red blood cells that are old . Hemoglobin in the blood is broken down into iron, globin, and heme. Globin iron and reused to produce new red blood cells. Meanwhile, overhauled heme to bilirubin and biliverdin blue green. The dye is oxidized bile in the gut into urobilin which gives a yellowish color in the stool and urine.

Human Excretion System
2. Lung

The lungs are one of the organs of excretion from the body. Humans have a pair of lungs, the left lung and right. The lung has a primary function as a respiratory closely related to the excretory system. By breathing, you take O2 from the air and release CO2 and H2O. The rest of metabolism in tissues such as carbon dioxide and water are transported by the blood to the lungs to be excreted by diffusion in the alveoli. In many alveolar capillaries that have a layer of cells so that the process can run well.

Human Excretion System

3. Skin

Leather is one of the tools necessary excretion body to excrete water, salts, and urea from the body in the form of sweat. Excretion through the skin highly correlated with temperature and the activities carried out by humans. The skin that serves as a means of excretion is the sweat glands (glands sudorifera) located in the dermis layer. Human skin consists of two parts, namely the epidermis and dermis.

a. The epidermis

The epidermis is composed of two layers, namely the stratum corneum (horny layer) and a layer of Malpighi. Stratum corneum is the layer of dead skin that may flake off and are replaced by new cells. Meanwhile, Malpighi layer consists of layers of spinosum and germ. Spinosum layer serves to hold the friction from the outside. Germ layer contains cells that actively divide, replacing a layer of cells in the stratum corneum. Malpighi layer can give color to the skin because it contains the pigment melanin. If too much melanin pigment, the color of one's skin becomes dark.

b. dermis

In the dermis there are blood vessels, hair follicles, nerve endings, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Sweat glands become active when the temperature is hot. This causes the sweat to the surface of the skin by means of evaporation. This resulted in the evaporation temperature of the skin surface down. Conversely, when the ambient temperature is low (cold), and inactive sweat glands in the skin capillaries constrict. In this condition, the blood does not waste water and metabolic waste that causes evaporation is greatly reduced. This causes the body temperature and the body does not experience cold. Sweating is controlled by the hypothalamus. Below are the actual dermis connective tissue under the skin that has no clear boundaries. In this layer there is fat that serves as a food reserve. Fat serves to hold body heat and protect the body against the outside.

4. Kidneys

Renal excretion is the primary tool in humans. Kidney function to excrete metabolic waste substances containing nitrogen, such as urea, and ammonia. In addition, the kidneys also function to secrete substances that excessive amounts, like vitamin C is too much in the body, maintaining the extracellular osmotic pressure, and maintain the balance of acids and bases.

a. Kidney structure

Human kidney has a length of about 10 cm and forms such as red beans, numbered pair, and is located on the left and right of the spine. Type metanefros the human kidney is not segmented and have many glomeruli. Kidneys are the skin of the kidney, kidney marrow, and kidney cavity.
  1. Skin the kidney (cortex). In the skin there are many kidney Malpighi bodies totaling ± 1 million. Agency consists of glomerular Malpighi.
  2. Kidney marrow (medulla). Kidney marrow bodies form a cone-shaped and contains a lot of channels that collect urine called convoluted tubules.
  3. Cavity kidney (renal pelvis). In this cavity empties into the collecting duct. Of the cavity, urinary tract out of the ureter to the bladder (bladder). From the bladder, urine exits the body through the urethra.
b. Formation of Urine in Kidney

The process of formation of urine in the kidneys through three stages as follows:

1) Filtration (filtering)Blood filtration occurs at the glomerulus, the blood capillary coiled inside the Bowman's capsule. In glomerular endothelial cells are thus facilitate the screening process. In addition, the binding also occurs in glomerular blood cells, platelets, and most of the plasma proteins that did not participate were excluded. The results of the infiltration process in the form of primary urine (glomerular filtrate) is compositionally similar to the blood, but does not contain protein. In the primary urine can be found amino acids, glucose, sodium, potassium, ions, and other salts.

2) Reabsorption (reabsorption)
The process of reabsorption occurs in the vessels (tubules) proximal. This process occurs after the primary results of the infiltration of urine flow in the vessels (tubules) proximal. The ingredients are absorbed in the process of reabsorption are materials that are still useful, such as glucose, amino acids, and a large number of inorganic ions. In addition, the water contained in the primary urine is also experiencing reabsorption by osmosis, while the other ingredients reabsorption take place in active transport.

The process of water absorption also occurs in the distal tubule. Then, the materials that have been reabsorbed by the proximal tubule is returned to the blood through the capillaries that surround the tubules. This reabsorption process also occurs in the loop of Henle, especially sodium ions. The result of the process of reabsorption is secondary urine composition constituent substances which are very different from the primary urine. In the secondary urine was not found substances that are still needed by the body and urine levels higher than in the primary urine.

3) Augmentation (Addition)Urine subsequent secondary distal convoluted tubule entry into and collecting ducts. This happens in the process of adding channels substances that do not benefit the rest of the body. Then, the actual urine get into the bladder (urinary bladder) through the ureter. Furthermore, the urine will be excreted from the body through the urethra. Urine contains urea, urine acid, ammonia, and disassembly of protein remnants. In addition, substances containing excessive in the blood, such as vitamin C, drugs, and hormones and salts.

Why is early childhood education is very important?

Why is early childhood education is very important? - Based on the research results about 50% of adult intelligence capabilities have occurred when the child was 4 years old, 8 0% there has been a rapid development of the brain tissue when the child is 8 years old and reaches its peak when the child was 18 years old, and after it's done though improved nutrition will have no effect on cognitive development.

This means that the development occurred within the first 4 years of the same magnitude with the developments in the next 14 years. So that this period is a critical period for children, where development acquired during this period is very influential on the development of the next period to adulthood. While this golden age only comes once, so that when the mean finished missed chances.

Why is early childhood education is very important?

According to Byrnes, early childhood education will provide preparation for facing children in the future times, the closest is the face of the school year. "Currently, some kindergarten children already ask students who want to enrol there already able to read and count. In the kindergarten had already started to be taught social skills and problem solving. Because of the abilities that was to be established at an early age, "said Byrnes.

Furthermore, according to Byrnes, that early childhood education is important, because at this age the child is the best form of education. At this age children should establish himself facing a period of school readiness and future. The best investment you can give to children is to prepare them in early childhood education.

Dorothy Law Nolte was an American writer and family counsellor

Dorothy Law Nolte was an American writer and family counsellor - Children Learn What They Live. Child is a divine deposit which we must guard with all their heart and hard with him with a good education so that later became a devoted son to parents, religion, homeland, nation, and state.

The reality today, many children who are victims of moral depravity of people who are not responsible, the situation is very worrying, who else if not we as parents have to take care of early on.

Dorothy Law Nolte was an American writer and family counsellor. She wrote a poem on childrearing, "Children Learn What They Live," for a weekly family column for The Torrance Herald in 1954. Dorothy Law Nolte was born on January 12, 1924, in United States of America. Dorothy Law Nolte was died: November 6, 2005.

Dorothy Law Nolte was an American writer and family counsellor

Here is the concept of educating children by Dorothy Law Nolte

Children Learn What They Live
By Dorothy Law Nolte, Ph.D.

If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.
If children live with hostility, they learn to fight.
If children live with fear, they learn to be apprehensive.
If children live with pity, they learn to feel sorry for themselves.
If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy.
If children live with jealousy, they learn to feel envy.
If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty.
If children live with encouragement, they learn confidence.
If children live with tolerance, they learn patience.
If children live with praise, they learn appreciation.
If children live with acceptance, they learn to love.
If children live with approval, they learn to like themselves.
If children live with recognition, they learn it is good to have a goal.
If children live with sharing, they learn generosity.
If children live with honesty, they learn truthfulness.
If children live with fairness, they learn justice.
If children live with kindness and consideration, they learn respect.
If children live with security, they learn to have faith in themselves and in those about them.
If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is a nice place in which to live

List of Currency Names

List of Currency Names - Here is 125 List of Currency Names

1. Abbesinia - Dollar
2. Afghanistan - Afgani
3. Afrika Selatan - Rand
4. Afrika Tengah - Franc
5. Albanìa - Lek
6. Aljazair - Dinar
7. Amerìka Serikat - Dollar
8. Angola - Kwanza
9. Argentina - Peso
10. Australia - Dollar
11. Austria - Shilling
12. Bangladesh - Taka
13. Belanda - Gulden
14. Belgia - Franc
15. Bolivia - Boliviamus
16. Brazil - Cruzeiro
17. Brunei Darussalam - Dollar
18. Bulgaria - Lev
19. Chad - Franc
20. Canada - Dollar

21. Ceylon - Rupes
22. Chili - Peso
23. Cina - Yuan
24. Ceko- Koruna
25. Denmark - Krone
26. Dominika - Peso
27. El Savador - Kolon
28. Ethopia - Birr
29. Equador - Sucrve
30. Filipina - Peso
31. Finlandia - Markka
32. Ghana - Cedi
33. Guatemala - Queizal
34. Haiti - Courde
35. Hongaria - Forint
36. Hongkong - Dollar
37. Honduras - Lempira
38. India - Rupee
39. Indonesia - Rupiah
40. Inggris - Pound Sterling
41. Irak - Dinar
42. Iran - Real
43. Irlandia - Pound
44. Israel - Pound
45. Islandia - Krona
46. Italia - Lira
47. Jamaika - Dollar
48. Jepang - Yen
49. Jerman - Deutsche Mark
50. Kamboja - Riel
51. Kamerun - Franc
52. Kenya - Shilling
53. Kolombia - Peso
54 kongo - Franc
55. Korea Selatan - Won
56. Korea Utara - Won
57. Kuba - Peso
58. Kuwait - Dinar
59. Laos - New Kip
60. Libanon - Pound
61 Liberia - Dollar
62. Libya - Dinar
63. Luxemburg - Frenc
64. Malaysia - Rìnggit
65. Malvìnas - Pound 66. Maroko - Dirham
67. Mesir - Pound
68. Mexico - Peso
69. Monako - Franc
70. Mongolia - Tugrik
71. Mozambik - Escudo
72. Myanmar - Kyat
73. Namibia - Rand
74. Nepal - Rupee
75. Nikaragua - Kordoba
76. Nigerìa - Naira
77. Norwegia - Kroon
78. Oman - Rial
79. Palestina - Dinar
80. Pakistan - Rupee
81. Panama - Balboa
82. Papua Nugini - Kina
83. Paraguay - Guarani
84. Perancis - Franc
85. Peru - Sole
86. Polandia - zioty
87. Portugal - Escudo
88. Qatar - Riyal
89. Rumania - Leu
90. Saudi Arabia - Riyal
91. Senegal - Franc
92. Singapura - Dollar
93. Siprus - Pound
94. Srilanka - Rupee
95. Sudan - Pound
96. Suriah - Pound
97. Spanyol - Peseta
98. Suriname - Guilder
99. Swedia - Kroon
100. Swiss - Franc
101. Taiwan - Dollar
102. Tanzania - Shilling
103. Thailand - Bath
104. Selandia Baru - Dollar
105. Tunisia - Dinar
106. Turki - Lira
107. Uganda - Shilling
108. Uni Emirat Arab - Dirham
109. Uruguay - Peso
110. Vatikan - Lira
111. Venezuela - Bolivar
112. Vietnam - Dong
113. Yaman - Imani
114. Yordania - Dinar
115. Yunani - Drachma
116. Zaire - Zaire
117. Zambia - Kwacha
118. Zimbabwe - Dollar
119. Armenia - Dram
120. Azerbaijan - Manat
121. Kazakhstan - Tenge
122. Kirgystan - Rubel
123. Tajikistan - Rouble
124. Turkmenistan - Manat
125. Uzbekistan – Som

How Teach Reading and Writing to children

How Teach Reading and Writing to children? - Children love to play, for the right way to teach reading and writing is to learn while playing. Children begin to learn to read and write his own name. Children can learn to read and write well, when they are taught using a multi-sensory approach. Multi-sensory approach is an approach to learning that involves the senses as much as possible.

Some of the techniques learned to read and write for children include:

Writing exercises in the air made ​​to train the muscles to move up a letter. Children write letters in the air while saying written.

Learning can write anywhere. Learn to write in preschool children do not need to use the tools and special place. This can be done while playing, for example by using a tree branch on the ground, on sand beach with using fingers and others.

How Teach Reading and Writing to children

Letter recognition can be started with various objects around the child, including members of his own body. Examples mouth that looks like the letter O. It would be nice also if the child is given its concrete object, for example the letter n pointed nose, letter a pointing apples and so on.

Do not force the child. When preschoolers not want to learn to write, the child should not be forced. Coercion in children can lead to trauma. Children will be reluctant to develop writing skills, because children at school age still have fun playing properties.

The use of the approach play and the use of concrete objects around it will attract the attention of the child to learn.